Impact of the radiographic method on treatment decisions related to dental caries in primary molars: a before-after study

Objectives To evaluate the impact of radiographic examination on changes of treatment decision related to dental caries compared to decisions guided by visual inspection alone in primary molars. Materials and methods A total of 126 children aged 3-6 years who had sought dental assistance were randomly selected and examined by two calibrated examiners using visual inspection. A treatment plan regarding dental caries was generated based on this assessment. The same examiners then evaluated two bitewing radiographs, creating an additional treatment plan guided by concurrent assessment of both visual and radiographic methods. Occlusal and proximal surfaces of primary molars received a treatment decision as follows: (i) no treatment, (ii) non-operative treatment, and (iii) operative treatment. The frequency of changes in the treatment decision after radiographic examination was calculated, with subsequent Poisson multilevel regression analysis to evaluate variables influencing such changes. Results Changes from ``no treatment{''} decided with visual inspection to ``non-operative treatment{''} after radiographic evaluation occurred in 52 surfaces (3.2%), and changes to ``operative treatment{''} were observed in 46 dental surfaces (2.8%). Furthermore, 50 surfaces (6.2%) had their treatment decision changed from non-operative to operative treatment after radiographic assessment. In addition, changes were significantly more frequent in children with higher caries experience, on proximal surfaces and in 1st primary molars. Conclusions The impact of radiographic examination on changes in the treatment decision of primary molars made with visual inspection is modest. Changes are more frequent in children with higher caries experience and in proximal surfaces. (AU)