A new method for evaluation of the positional error of low-cost devices based on GNSS integrity for transportation applications

Abstract: GNSS integrity assessment has always been linked to the need for reliable positional information. Initially used in aviation, positional information gained even more relevance in terrestrial applications with the popularity of GNSS. However, the terrestrial environment has many influences over GNSS signals, which reduces the positional quality of tracking objects. Advances have been achieved in the use of integrity monitoring algorithms, but there are limitations to their use, especially those concerning positional accuracy in urban environments with low-cost devices. This paper aims to discuss a comparative method using two low-cost GNSS receivers designed for transportation applications and to verify whether this method can evaluate positional quality in pre-established locations, as well as the possibilities of using these devices for transportation applications, considering the positional error. Results show that, in the static experiment, the receiver assembled with a GPS antenna active embedded was more accurate than the receiver assembled with an external antenna, presenting better values in 5 out of 10 evaluated sites, while the external antenna performed better in only 2 sites. However, in a kinematic evaluation, the receiver assembled with an external antenna provided better results when considering positional error as assessment criterion, resulting in values less than or equal to 8 meters in 99.7% of the route evaluated, while the embedded antenna had 95.3%. (AU)