Abstract
Microbial pathogens are recognized through multiple, distinct PRRs that can be broadly categorized into secreted, transmembrane, and cytosolic classes. The transmembrane PRRs include the Toll-like receptor (TLR) family and the C-type lectins. TLRs in mammals are either expressed on the plasma membrane or in endosomal/lysosomal organelles. The cytosolic PRRs include the retinoic acid- indu…