Abstract
Type IV pili (T4P) are long retracting extracellular bacterial filaments that allow motility and orientation over surfaces. In Xanthomonas species, a genus with notorious phytopathogenic members, T4P were associated with biofilm formation, adhesion, and virulence processes. The Xanthomonas T4P secretion machinery is a large protein complex that crosses the cell's membranes, by which pilus…