Abstract
Pharmacotherapy of Parkinson's disease (PD) is mainly based on the dopamine precursor L-DOPA. However, long-term treatment with L-DOPA has been associated with unwanted side effects called L-DOPA-induced dyskinesias (LID). Compounds that interfere with cyclic nucleotides (cAMP/cGMP) availability, such as phosphodiesterase (PDE) inhibitors, are emerging as a promising anti-dyskinetic co-th…