Abstract
Sickle Cell Disease (SCD) is characterized by a single mutation in the ²-globin gene, resulting in abnormal hemoglobin (HbS), which polymerizes under low oxygen concentrations. In situations of low oxygen concentrations, hemoglobin polymerizes and red blood cells assume an elongated sickle-like shape, in an event known as sickling. Angiogenesis is the process of vessel formation from pre-…