Abstract
Some molecular mechanisms that justify an increased incidence and severity of periodontitis and, consequent increased alveolar bone loss, in diabetic subjects and smokers remained unclear. The aim of this study will be to evaluate the serum and local levels of the inhibitors of Wnt-beta-catenin signaling, dickkopf-related protein 1 (DKK1) and sclerostin (SOST), and osteoimmunoinflammatory…