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Mesenchymal stem cells: Isolation and characterization of populations derived from human dental alveolus and identification and characterization of populations from mouse dental pulp

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Author(s):
Lucyene Miguita Luiz
Total Authors: 1
Document type: Doctoral Thesis
Press: São Paulo.
Institution: Universidade de São Paulo (USP). Faculdade de Odontologia (FO/SDO)
Defense date:
Examining board members:
Andrea Mantesso Pobocik; Vera Cavalcanti de Araujo; Marcelo Rocha Marques; Marília Trierveiler Martins; Oswaldo Keith Okamoto
Advisor: Andrea Mantesso Pobocik
Abstract

There is great interest in the study of stem cells due to their ability to produce mature cells of different lineages that participate actively in the process of homeostasis, injury response, regeneration and tissue repair. The dental pulp is the most studied tissue in dentistry, but several studies have shown the presence of these cells in the periodontal tissue region. It is important to note that depending on their origin, these cells exhibit different behaviours, especially in regard to in vivo transplantation. Furthermore, the microenvironment in which these cells are found (niches) have an essential role in their behaviour as they control important aspects such as differentiation and self-renewal. This research project aimed for two distinct analyses. The first was to verify if there are mesenchymal stem cells derived from human dental socket curettage after dental extractions. The second, to analyse the stem cell niche in mouse dental pulp. In common, the two analyses were based on the use of markers previously used in the literature for the study of stem cells. As there are no specific and unique markers to identify these cells, an extensive combination of these markers among themselves, and laboratory techniques were performed. In the first study, after the isolation of the cells, special attention was given to their characterization by combining assays to evaluate stem cells properties and behaviours. In the second part of this study, we used the mouse dental pulp model for in vivo analysis of stem cell niches. In mice, the location of the niche responsible for the incisors continuous growth is known. In general our results showed that: 1) It is possible to isolate progenitor/stem cells from tissue curettage of the alveolus after tooth extractions. This fact is unprecedented and opens new perspectives for the obtention of stem cells for future clinical applications. 2) It is possible to observe the cells population diversity of the mouse dental pulp niche and through a hierarchical organization, we proposed a model for this niche. This model will provide basis for further studies aimed at evaluating the behavior of cells that form the niche, when isolated from the others, and opens the possibility for the analysis of the niche structure in other dental and non-dental tissues. (AU)

FAPESP's process: 10/06936-0 - Isolation and characterization of stem cells from the alveolar bone area
Grantee:Lucyene Miguita Luiz
Support Opportunities: Scholarships in Brazil - Doctorate