Imputation of microsatellite alleles from SNP haplotypes for parental verification in Nellore cattle

Molecular markers techniques have been applied in bovine population studies, genealogy verification and paternity test. Among the molecular markers, microsatellites (MS) are widely used, however, some technical problems have motivated alternatives development, as markers type single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP). Thus, the need to identify SNP haplotypes which are in agreement with each MS allele and then MS genotypes could be converted into SNP genotypes and vice versa, through genotype imputation. The objective of this study was to apply a method to impute MS alleles from SNP haplotypes to verify paternity, using Nellore and also identify a smaller set of SNP, with enough quality to optimize and reduce genotype cost. SNP genotyping was performed at and for 99 MS trios Nellore from EMBRAPA Cattle Southeast and was checked for null alleles by MICROCHECKER. SNP were selected that were near each MS marker and the program BEAGLE was used to identify genotypes phase. Subsequently, were applied the MS imputation technique from SNP haplotype and paternity was verified by CERVUS. The accuracy of MS alleles imputation was verified by calculating the correlation between MS alleles imputed and reported. The SPS115 marker was removed from the analysis for null alleles evidence due to homozygote excess observed. The most informative marker was TGLA122 with 0.8 PIC. Deviations from equilibrium HW (P<0.05) were found for the loci ETH225 and TGLA57. A larger set of SNP was necessary to impute MS alleles for the marker BM1824. The verification rates of paternity were 97.1% for genotyped MS alleles and 96.3% for MS imputed. Using imputed MS alleles and when only the sire was considered only 4% of the 99 offspring were not assigned paternity and 1% when both parents were known. The technique achieved greater than 96% accuracy for MS imputation data. This research allow to impute multi-allelic genotypes from bi-allelic data. Our results will have an immediate impact for researchers and livestock associations aiming the transition from MS- to SNP-based parentage verification. (AU)