Identification of Leptospira proteases involved in the degradation of extracellular matrix and plasma proteins

Leptospires are highly motile spirochetes equipped with strategies for efficient invasion and dissemination within the host. Our group previously demonstrated that pathogenic leptospires secrete proteases capable of cleaving and inactivating key molecules of the human complement system, allowing these bacteria to circumvent host´s innate immune defense mechanisms. Given the successful dissemination of leptospires during infection, we wondered if such proteases would target a broader range of host molecules. In the present study, the proteolytic activity of secreted leptospiral proteases against a panel of extracellular matrix and plasma proteins was assessed. The culture supernatant of the virulent L. interrogans serovar Kennewicki strain Fromm degraded human fibrinogen, plasma fibronectin, collagen Type 1, and the proteoglycans decorin, biglycan, and lumican. Proteolytic activity was inhibited by 1,10-phenanthroline, suggesting the participation of metalloproteases. Laminin, matrigel, plasminogen and thrombin were not cleaved by proteases present in the supernatants. Moreover, production of proteases might be an important virulence determinant since culture-attenuated or saprophytic Leptospira did not display proteolytic acticity against ECM or plasma components. A search against Leptospira genomes allowed identification of four thermolysins, which are metalloproteases found exclusively in pathogenic species. One of them, encoded by LIC13322, was produced in the recombinant form and displayed proteolytic activity against fibrinogen, biglycan and decorin. Comparative exoproteomic analyses using Fromm and Patoc I strains were also performed and allowed identification of a few metalloproteases that could be involved in the degradation of host components. The ability to cleave connective tissue molecules and coagulation cascade proteins may certainly contribute to invasion and tissue destruction observed upon infection with Leptospira. (AU)