Gene expression analysis of Arabidopsis thaliana in response to Citrus leprosis virus C and its vector Brevipalpus phoenicis

Citrus leprosis, the main viral disease affecting citrus orchards in Brazil, is caused by Citrus leprosis virus C (CiLV-C, genus Cilevirus). CiLV-C has a bipartite genome of singled stranded positive RNA, which encodes six proteins. CiLV-C is plant-to-plant transmitted by Brevipalpus phoenicis mites and can infect more than 40 plant species, invariably producing localized chlorotic or necrotic lesions around the site of feeding of the viruliferous mites. Viral long distance movement in its hosts is not accomplished. To unveil the mechanisms determining the unique characteristic of the virus/mite/plant interaction, activities of main plant defense pathways were evaluated during aviruliferous and CiLV-C viruliferous mite infestation in Arabidopsis thaliana. The expression of 19 marker genes involved in defense responses along a time course experiment (6, 12 and 24 hours after infestation, and after appearance of leprosis symptoms) was assessed by RT-qPCR. Analyses showed that genes involved in the salicylic acid (SA) pathway were up-regulated during plant interaction with mite and virus. The SA pathway expression profile observed at the infestation by viruliferous mites resembled those observed for the aviruliferous mites, but plant response to both stimuli was stronger. Both the jasmonic acid and ethylene pathways were activated during mite/plant interaction and were repressed at the course of infection with CiLV-C, suggesting an antagonistic effect mediated by the activated SA pathway. Gene silencing mechanism was differentially regulated in response to both aviruliferous and viruliferous mites. Upon viral infection, plants responded with the activation of an AGO1-mediated first defense line, in early times of infection; and then switched to an AGO2-mediated defense. Results indicate the activation of a multifactorial process in response to CiLV-C and B. phoenicis mites in A. thaliana. (AU)