The rural development policy and rural tourism: the cases of the municipalities of Rosana, Presidente Epitácio (São Paulo, Brazil), Santiago de Compostela and Padron (Galicia, Spain)

This thesis aims to study the rural development public policy and the rural tourism activity in Rosana and Presidente Epitácio municipalities, both located in São Paulo State, and Santiago de Compostela and Padrón municipalities, in Galicia/Spain. In this regard, the general objective is to analyze the tourism territorialization process in rural areas and to confront public policies for rural development based on case studies in Pontal do Paranapanema region, in State of São Paulo and Autonomous Community of Galicia/ES. The relationship between territory and tourism is present in São Paulo and Galician contours, based on tourism practice, where this activity appropriates the territories characteristics, such as natural and cultural resources, transforming them into tourism products. The guiding question is that the tourism territorialization process in rural areas, both in the context of São Paulo and Galician contours, is related to rural development policies or their absence. Inthe Galician case, the emergence of tourism is fostered by LEADER and PRODER programs which are determined at the public authorities field. In the case of São Paulo, the existing policies values the permanence of the family farming and livestock production process, which is a contribution to the settlers seeking alternatives that complement their income, envisaging in tourism a way of economic diversification, especially without the rural credit of PRONAF-Rural Tourism in Agriculture Familiar. In this way it is necessary to reflect on the territory, through the territorialization and de-re-territorialization for the process of continuities and discontinuities of actions in the territories. The discussion of the idea of development to understand in which model the policies were created. And the assumptions of the tourist activity to understand what is this activity and how it appropriates the elements of the territory leading one to believe that its planning is of paramount importance to soften the negative repercussions in the territory. Regarding the methodological procedures, the interview and the comparative analysis were used, highlighting the experience of two Spanish municipalities, which were Santiago de Compostela and Padrón, to draw similarities and differences with the Brazilian cases. At the Pontal do Paranapanema region were interviewed, a representative of the Porto Maria Rural Restaurant Association, the rural settlers of land reform who develop activities associated with tourism and institutional managers, such as ITESP and City Hall of Rosana/ SP and Presidente Epitácio/SP. In the Galician case, were interviewed owners of the rural tourism houses and the institutional representatives of the Xunta de Galicia, the Galega Federation of Rural Tourism, the Santiago Area Consortium and the City Hall of Padrón. The main results obtained in the settlers' properties were the presence of territorialities inherent in the rural way of life, such as the production of sweets, cheeses, breads, biscuits and various preserved food processes, an artisan kitchen with certification and food produced in this kitchen with marketing seal, rural restaurant, visit tour in properties and fishing tourism. From the inquiries in Santiago de Compostela and Padrón, six rural tourism houses were identified, which by subsidies from the European rural development policies were restored, fostering the preservation of this cultural heritage and the permanence of people in rural areas. Keywords:Rural settlements. Tourism in the countryside. Pontal do Paranapanema. Galicia-ES. (AU)