Study of the reactions of immobilization of tungsten and molybdenum organometallic complexes on the polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxanes for application in catalysis

This work describes the synthesis and characterization of two new nanostructured materials based on polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane (POSS). The first type of precursor material was synthesized from the reaction of Octakis(3-Chloropropyl) octasilsesquioxane (POSS-Cl) with 3-amino-1,2,4-triazole-5-carboxylic acid ligand (ATZAc), resulting in the POSS-ATZAc. The second type involves the preparation of a dendrimer of the second generation through organofunctionalization of the POSS core with organic groups of amino termination. This second type of material was called POSS-DG2.0. Both precursor materials were used in the immobilization of the organometallic complexes [W(CO)3Br2(NCCH3)2] (W), [Mo(CO)3Br2(NCCH3)2] (Mo-I) and [Mo(η3-C3H5)Br(CO)2(NCCH3)2] (Mo-II) in their respective coordination spheres of its surfaces, resulting in six new heterogeneous catalysts. The steps of preparation of the heterogeneous catalysts were characterized by Elemental Analysis (C, N, H and Mo or W), Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), 13C and 29Si Nuclear Magnetic Resonance in the Solid State (NMR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Thermogravimetric Analysis (TGA), Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and Energy Dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX). In the immobilization studies we observed that the immobilization of each complex was dependent of the time, concentration and temperature. The Langmuir and pseudo-second order were most appropriate to describe the concentration and kinetics data. The thermodynamic parameters ΔG, ΔH and ΔS were evaluated and the results showed that the immobilization of the complexes on each support was a spontaneous, favorable and endothermic process, respectively. After the studies of immobilization and with the purpose of application in catalysis, the new catalysts POSS-ATZAc-W, POSS-ATZAc-Mo-I, POSS-ATZAc-Mo-II, the POSS-DG2.0-W, POSS-DG2.0-Mo-I and POSS-DG2.0-Mo-II were tested in the catalytic epoxidation of the olefins 1-octene, cyclooctene, (S)-limonene, cis-3-hexen-1-ol, trans-3-hexen-1-ol and styrene, using tert-butyl hydroperoxide (TBHP) as oxidant and compared with their respective homogeneous catalysts and previous generations. The dendritic catalysts showed the best catalytic activity. Heterogeneous catalysts were subjected to leaching tests and all remain with a high catalytic activity even after being used for at least five cycles. (AU)