Evaluation of the dispersive liquid liquid microextraction for the determination of levetiracetam and risperidone by chromatographic techniques coupled mass spectrometry

Dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction technique based on the use of organic solvents (OS-DLLME) has received highlighted due to the easily, rapidity, low cost and low consumption of organic solvent. Prior to OS-DLLME, plasma pretreatment is necessary to provide the formation of a suitable settled phase. Levetiracetam (LEV) is one of the most prescribed drugs for the treatment-refractory partial onset seizures with or without secondary generalization. So, it was developed and validated a bioanalytical method for the quantification of LEV in plasma samples by Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry (GC/MS). The pretreatment of the plasma samples employed tubes of ultrafiltration Amicon® (pore size 10 kDa) in order to form a suitable permeated to carry out the OS-DLLME. The addition of 130 ?L of chloroform (extraction solvent) and 400 ?L of isopropanol (disperser solvent), without ionic strength and agitation of samples, have reached 33 % of recovery of LEV from plasma samples. This analysis was carried out using a fused silica coated Rtx-5MS column (30 m × 0.25 mm × 0.25 ?m) and a heating ramp. The run time was 9 minutes. The method was linear in the concentration range of 2 - 80 ?g mL-1 (r >= 0.99) and the results were weighted (1/x). The linear regression was confirmed by applying the lack of fit test. The lower limit of quantitation (LLOQ) was 2 ?g mL-1. The precision, accuracy, matrix effect, carry-over and stability were in agreement with European Medicines Agency. Another method was developed and validated for the quantification of risperidone (RSP) and its 9-hydroxy-risperidone metabolite (9-OH-RSP) from plasma samples. The RSP and 9-OH-RSP constitutes the total active moiety responsible for the anticonvulsant activity. Plasma samples were pretreated with trichloroacetic acid (TCA 30%). The clear supernatant was diluted with NaCl solution (10%) and adjusted to pH 12, where was developed the OS-DLLME. It was added 500 ?L of acetone (dispersing solvent) and 80 ?L of chlorobenzene (extraction solvent). After the parameters optimization, the recovery was 89% and 42% for RSP and 9-OH-RSP, respectively. It was employed liquid chromatography-electrospray-tandem-mass spectrometry (LC/ MS/MS). Ascentis® C18 column (10 cm x 4.6 mm x 2.7 ?M), ammonium acetate buffer and acetonitrile as mobile phase in gradient elution mode, at flow rate 500 ?L min-1 and column temperature of 40 °C for this analysis. The run time was 8 minutes. The method was linear in the concentration range 5 - 80 ng mL-1 (r >= 0.99) for both analytes. The LLOQ was 5 ng mL-1. All other parameters were in agreement with the regulatory agency. Both methods have been successfully applied in plasma samples from patient that receive diary doses of LEV or RSP. In this way, it was possible to present the applicability of developed bioanalytical methods and the quantitation of plasmatic concentration of these studied drugs. (AU)