FAUNA OF THE FAMILY DROSOPHILIDAE IN TWO FRAGMENTS OF WOODS OF THE SÃO PAULO STATE And EVALUATION OF THE EDGE EFFECT BY THE ABUNDANCE OF THE SPECIES

Abstract

Of the more than 130 Drosophila species well-known in Brazil, 95 y were registered in São Paulo State and recent date in the Drosophila ecology area have showed that this number can be underestimated. Mainly by the fact that some species groups can never have been collected by rarity or specificity it in the utilization the substrates. A study systematic and specifically with the purpose of knowing the fauna of different substrates (fruits and mushrooms) can show that this fauna is more rich than the related. This way, aiming contribute with the existing gaps in this research field, the present project will accomplish a study on fauna drosofilids in areas not yet examples of the interior of São Paulo state, probable remaining fragments of the Atlantic forest, which will be important to add the knowledge on the occurrence of the species of this group in this region and geographical distribution, besides the probability of the new species identification. In this study also will give continuity to a matter that we are already working there is some time in our laboratory that is the evaluation of the edge effect using abundance of drosophilids and the ecological aspects of natural populations. Data of the literature indicate that the edge effects are accentuated in small fragments, thus wait obtain a less richness and a more larger number of invaders species in the smaller fragment in comparison to the one of larger extension This project will use the areas for collect of the project BIOTA/FAPESP entitled: "Fauna e Flora de Fragmentos Florestais Remanescentes no Noroeste paulista: Base para Estudos da Conservação da Biodiversidade", (number: 04/04820-3). The present project will go evaluate two forest fragments, a small (108.3 hectares) and one great fragment (2189.6 hectares). The study will be realized in cold and drought station (from April to September) and in hot and humid station (from October to March). Will be established three transects, from the edge in direction to the interior of the fragment, with 200 meters of extension, demarcated in eleven points of collection, in other words, the each 20 meters will be placed a closed trap. The fruits and mushrooms of each area will be collected for the evaluation of occurrence and identification of the drosophilids. The sampling efficiency will be verified by the richness accumulation curves (ACE, ICE). For analysis of the fauna of the drosophilids in the studied fragments will be evaluated the abundance populacional and the richness species. The diversity indexes of Shannon-Wiener, of Pielou-equitability and of Dominance-Berger-Parkir are evaluated. The drosophilids community's descriptive data and the presence of bioindicators species in each distance from transect will be considered to evaluated the edge effect. It also will be accomplished the Dependence Analysis to compare the edge effect in the different sizes fragments.