Strategic Analysis for Selecting the Optimal Location of Energy Storage Systems in Microgrids

Abstract

Technological progress enables the constant improvement of energy systems around the world, especially with the advent of distributed energy resources (DERs). The incorporation of DERs, such as photovoltaic solar generation systems, wind energy, and energy storage, into the distribution system is particularly significant in this context, as it postpones substantial investments. Microgrids, in this scenario, facilitate the integration of DERs in an intelligent manner, ensuring that with an energy management system, it is possible to coordinate different resources to achieve robust and reliable operation. In residential, commercial, and industrial centers, the electrical power demand curve represents the variation in energy consumption over time, typically in daily, weekly, or annual intervals. This curve reflects consumers' energy usage patterns, showing demand peaks during certain periods of the day, such as early morning and evening. Smoothing the demand curve is crucial for the electrical power system, as it helps to balance supply and demand more efficiently. Reducing demand peaks decreases the need for infrastructure investments to meet these peaks, such as building new power plants or expanding transmission and distribution networks. Additionally, smoothing contributes to the stability of the electrical system, reducing the likelihood of overloads and failures. Techniques such as demand management, the use of Energy Storage Systems (ESSs) like Battery Energy Storage Systems (BESS), and the integration of renewable sources play an important role in smoothing the demand curve, promoting more efficient and sustainable energy use.