Effect of different amphetamines on orthodontic tooth movement: an in vivo study

Abstract

The use of stimulant drugs has increased among children and adolescents diagnosed with ADHD. Previous studies have investigated the correlation between the use of amphetamines, the main component of such stimulant drugs, with the reduction in bone mineral density. The aim of this project is to evaluate the impact of constant therapeutic doses of different amphetamines during OTM in an animal model. Wistar rats (n=40) at 50 days of age will be divided into 4 experimental groups. OTM will be induced through a helical spring that will be installed on the upper first molar under a force of 0.25 N. OTM will be performed on only one side of the maxilla, which will be randomly selected, and the side on which OTM is not performed will be the control side.The animals will be euthanized after 7 and 14 days OTM. Histological slides will be stained with HE for analysis of inflammation, TRAP for analysis of osteoclastogenesis, immunostaining and gene expression by RT-qPCR for RANK, RANKL and OPG, andthe multiplex immunoassay technique will be used to detect and quantify the expression of bone remodeling biomarkers in rats Bone quality and root resorption volume will be analyzed using 3D microtomography. The side of the jaw that is not subjected to orthodontic force will also be analyzed using the same methods. Data will be statistically analyzed at a significance level of 95%. This study has the potential to generateunprecedented results that are directly applicable to the orthodontic treatment of adolescents, with the aim of investigating the need for orthodontists to consider the effects of amphetamine based medications on OTM in order to individualize and precisely define the treatment plan to be these patients.