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Chemical and biological attributes of soil and plant nutrition in conventional pasture and crop-livestock-forest integration systems

Grant number: 23/14904-0
Support Opportunities:Scholarships in Brazil - Doctorate
Effective date (Start): March 01, 2024
Effective date (End): February 28, 2027
Field of knowledge:Agronomical Sciences - Agronomy - Soil Science
Principal Investigator:Luís Reynaldo Ferracciú Alleoni
Grantee:Tamires Maiara Ercole
Host Institution: Escola Superior de Agricultura Luiz de Queiroz (ESALQ). Universidade de São Paulo (USP). Piracicaba , SP, Brazil

Abstract

The increasing expansion of the world's population entails the need to increase food production while ensuring environmental sustainability. An alternative is the adoption of integrated systems, which are relatively recent in Brazil, and it is necessary to verify variations in the chemical attributes of the soil profile in various types of management. At the same time, it is necessary to evaluate the influence of the implantation of trees, especially exotic ones, in integrated cultivation systems. It is also essential to understand which organisms constitute the soil microbial community in integrated and conventional systems, as the decrease in the biodiversity of microorganisms in the soil and the proliferation of pathogens to human health have been verified. The objective of this project is to evaluate the chemical and biological attributes of the soil, as well as the nutrition of plants grown in soils under conventional pasture and integrated silvopastoral (SSP), crop-livestock (ICL) and crop-livestock-forest (ICLF) systems. Three medium and long-term field experiments conducted at Embrapa Southeast Livestock in the city of São Carlos, SP, will be evaluated. The first experiment consists of types of pasture management (rainfed rotational, continuous, SSP, ICL and ICLF with eucalyptus), conducted 12 years ago. Chemical characterization, soil solution, microbial community, enzymatic activity (²-glucosidase and acid phosphatase), organic matter fractionation (total organic carbon (TOC) and total nitrogen (TN)), dissolved organic carbon (DOC), mineralizable nitrogen (MN) and the nutritional status of pastures will be evaluated. The second experiment will be carried out with soil samples from the ICLF system of experiment 1, and the soil will be evaluated at six distances in relation to the eucalyptus crop row (in the row, at 1, 2, 4, 8, and 15 m). In addition to the chemical characterization, soil solution, microbial community, enzymatic activity (²-glucosidase and acid phosphatase), organic matter fractionation (TOC and TN), DOC, MM, phosphorus fractionation and mycorrhizal colonization will be evaluated, as well as the nutritional status of the pasture at distances. The integration systems of the third experiment are an ICLF area with native trees, conventional pasture in continuous grazing and a fragment of native forest, with pasture areas managed since 2007 and 1993, respectively. Soil parameters will be evaluated for chemical characterization, soil solution, microbial community, enzymatic activity (²-glucosidase and acid phosphatase), organic matter fractionation (TOC and TN), DOC, NM and pasture nutrition. It is hoped that the results obtained will provide information that can help to exercise in the establishment of a more sustainable agriculture. The project is associated with the Center for Carbon Studies (CCarbon) of USP and FAPESP, which seeks to propose innovative and sustainable solutions for Brazilian agriculture.

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