Conditional cash transfer and unequal impacts in the male and female formal labor market: an analysis of Brazilian municipalities

Abstract

This study examines the effects of the Bolsa Família Program (BFP) on formal employment for both men and women. The central hypothesis centers on assessing whether the BFP generates different impacts between males and females, contributing to increased gender inequality in formal labor market participation. The analysis is based on panel data models using municipal-level data spanning 2014 to 2020, allowing for the evaluation of aggregate impacts of the BFP (rather than individual impacts) during a period of low dynamism and economic shock caused by the COVID-19 pandemic. The study also aims to identify heterogeneous effects over time and among groups of municipalities, enabling an assessment of whether the BFP contributes to increasing territorial inequalities in the distribution of formal employment. In addition to investigating the mechanisms through which the BFP may differentially affect formal employment for men and women, this project will provide relevant empirical contributions, allowing the researcher to develop and enhance knowledge in panel data models. The BEPE project, guided by Dr. Hélène Périvier at the French Economic Observatory (OFCE), will provide a strong foundation for further quantitative and qualitative evaluation of gender inequality. Additionally, facilitated by OFCE's Program for Gender Studies (PRESAGE), the researcher will engage in discussions with global gender inequality experts, amplifying insights, and presenting the findings at OFCE workshops and seminars will enhance the study's influence. (AU)