Scholarship 23/05553-0 - Crítica (filosofia), Filosofia da história - BV FAPESP
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Unity of the humankind: between the natural perspective and the moral idea

Grant number: 23/05553-0
Support Opportunities:Scholarships abroad - Research Internship - Master's degree
Start date until: September 30, 2023
End date until: March 29, 2024
Field of knowledge:Humanities - Philosophy - History of Philosophy
Principal Investigator:Pedro Paulo Garrido Pimenta
Grantee:Bruno Oberlander Erbella
Supervisor: Celine Spector
Host Institution: Faculdade de Filosofia, Letras e Ciências Humanas (FFLCH). Universidade de São Paulo (USP). São Paulo , SP, Brazil
Institution abroad: Université Paris-Sorbonne (Paris 4), France  
Associated to the scholarship:22/03332-3 - Human history and Natural History in Kant, BP.MS

Abstract

Our project aims to research the idea of the unity of humankind in Immanuel Kant's philosophy, taking into account the influences exerted on this idea by the naturalist George-Louis Leclerc Count de Buffon and the philosopher Jean-Jacques Rousseau. It is understood that these influences were exercised from two distinct points of view under which the unity of the human race is taken in Kantian philosophy. The first, the natural perspective, first appears in the essay first published in 1775, Von den verschiedenen Racen der Menschen and taken up again in the critical period in 1785, Bestimmung des Begriffs einer Menschenrace. Both take Buffon's concept of species as a starting point and use in part the naturalistic methodology proposed in the latter's Histoire Naturelle, especially in the division between description of nature and history of nature. The unity of humankind as a moral idea, on the other hand, is developed in 1783 in the booklet Idee zu einer allgemeinen geschichte in weltbürgerlicher absicht. In this writing, the Rousseauist concept of perfectibilité, present in his Discours sur l'origines et les fondements de l'inégalité parmi les hommes, plays a fundamental role in the construction of a unity according to the moral history of humanity that will overlap with the natural unity. Thus, our investigation will seek to offer a rigorous interpretation of the way Kant integrates into his philosophy the concepts he takes from those great authors of the French language, the aspects he maintains and those he rejects, in order to understand the effects of these influences in his critical resumption in the Kritik der Urteilskraft in 1790, the main object of the research project of which this proposal is part. (AU)

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