Influence of anxiolytic and antidepressant drugs on bone microarchitecture and its interaction with orthodontic tooth movement

Abstract

Orthodontic tooth movement (OTM) occurs when a controlled force is applied for a certain period of time, generating inflammation, which results in bone remodeling. Some studies have shown that systemic medications can interfere with the course of inflammation and indirectly affect OTM and bone metabolism. Certain antidepressants have secondary anti-inflammatory action, however, there are no studies that relate benzodiazepines such as Clonazepam and selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) such as Escitalopram and their interaction with oral bone microarchitecture. The aim of this study is to evaluate the effect of these drugs on bone microarchitecture, tooth movement rate and orthodontically induced root resorption. Two hundred and forty Wistar rats, (males = 120 animals and females = 120 animals), will be divided into 5 groups: GCN - Negative Control (no intervention - left hemi-maxilla); GCP - Positive Control (subjected to tooth movement - right hemi-maxilla); GCPL - Placebo Control Group with daily doses of saline solution (NaCL at 0.9%), intraperitoneally (IP) (left hemi-maxilla); GPLMOV - Orthodontic movement devices + Daily intraperitoneal (IP) doses of saline solution (NaCL 0.9%) (right hemi-maxilla); GCC - Daily doses of Clonazepam (Roche do Brasil S. A., São Paulo, Brazil), diluted in saline solution plus 0.5% Tween 80, via intraperitoneal (IP) at a concentration of 0.5 mg/kg, in a fixed volume of 1ml/kg, (left hemi-maxilla); VMMOV - Orthodontic movement devices + daily Clonazepam dosages (right hemi-maxilla); GCE - Daily doses of Escitalopram Oxalate at a concentration of 10 mg/kg diluted in 2 ml of saline solution, via IP (left hemi-maxilla); GEMOV - Orthodontic movement appliances + Daily doses of Escitalopram Oxalate (right hemi-maxilla). OTM will be performed with NiTi springs with dental anchorage for twenty-one days and verified by metric evaluation in microtomography. Bone mineral density and root resorption will be evaluated using computed microtomography. Thus, this research may contribute to the production of scientific evidence on the interaction between anxiolytic and antidepressant drugs, bone metabolism and the occurrence of side effects during orthodontic treatment, being of both academic and clinical interest, with regard to guiding the conduct of orthodontists during the treatment of patients under use of psychoactive drugs.