Study of colonic microbiota modulation through pectin oligomers encapsulated in pectic matrix

Abstract

The dysregulation of the intestinal microbial community plays an important role in the development of neurological, metabolic, and inflammatory diseases. Intestinal dysbiosis is closely linked to specific eating habits, such as low consumption of soluble fiber. Intake of pectin, a soluble fiber found in fruit, can significantly influence gut health. Its breakdown in the body, which mainly occurs by the colonic microbiota, can promote an abundance of beneficial bacteria as well as reduce potentially harmful bacteria. Studies indicate that the modulating capacity of the microbiota by pectins is linked to their structural characteristics, such as the degree of esterification, the composition of the side chains, and, especially, their molecular weight. The reduction in the molecular weight of pectins, despite favoring their fermentative properties, limits their effects on the ascending portion of the colon. The most distal regions of the colon (transverse and descending), sites of intense proteolytic metabolism, are less benefited from the consumption of pectins with this characteristic. Thus, the present project proposal aims to develop pectin oligomer nanoparticles coated with high molecular weight pectins and to evaluate the modulating effect of the microbiota by the nanoparticles in an in vitro colonic fermentation model. The proposal is expected to contribute to a better understanding of the modulation of the intestinal microbiota by pectins, as well as to generate an innovative functional ingredient.