Investigation on the bioactivity of terpenoids from food sources in the proliferation and differentiation of skeletal muscle cells

Abstract

Although skeletal muscle tissue has a unique self-healing property, muscle damage can be induced by several means, while the injury could result in poor tissue repair leading to functional loss. Therefore, the search for new molecules with pro-regenerative activity raises scientific interest. In this context, terpenes are bioactive compounds that have been gaining prominence due to the ability of their isolated forms to modulate the production of pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines, some of them involved in the muscle regeneration process. However, terpene's role in the modulation of cytokines and other inflammatory mediators (myokines, lipoxins, resolvins, protectins, and maresins), in the form in which they are consumed is poorly known. Besides, little is known about their direct effects on the regeneration process and the maintenance of muscle mass. Thus, the present study aims to evaluate the effects of volatile oils rich in terpenes on skeletal muscle regeneration, based on the modulation of cytokines and other mediators involved in this process. Fourteen native plant foods consumed by the Brazilian population will have their volatile oils (rich in terpenes) extracted by supercritical CO2 and encapsulated in phospholipids. Profiles of volatile compounds and fatty acids will be analyzed in GC/MS before and after the encapsulation of volatile oils, to characterize and monitor their composition. The biological effects of encapsulated oils will be tested in C2C12 cells, a myoblastic lineage of murine skeletal muscle, for the analysis of cytokines, myokines, growth factors, transcription factors, prostaglandins, and inflammation resolution mediators. In addition, a validation strategy using a 3D culture system will be established for the most promising terpene. Because of the scarcity of information regarding the ability of terpenes to modulate the process of regeneration and maintenance of muscle mass; and the lack of knowledge about the effect of such compounds in the synthesis and release of myokines and inflammation resolution mediators, this study aim highlighting the bioactivity of food terpenes as potential nutritional factors on lowering the risk of developing dysfunctions and disturbances in the process of skeletal muscle regeneration. (AU)