Study of thermal clouds near the Bose-Einstein transition when excited by external fields

Abstract

Bose-Einstein condensates are fantastic examples of many-body quantum systems. When disturbed by external fields, there may be enough disturbance to promote quantum turbulence, shifting the system from equilibrium. There is however a situation where the system is disrupted in a temperature slightly above the critical temperature. In this case, the disturbances essentially act on the thermal cloud, promoting disturbances that are still unknown, which can relax quickly or not. If there is a relationship, the system ends up absorbing the external energy reaching a higher temperature. If there is no fast relaxation, it is possible that the thermal cloud deviates from the Gaussian distribution, typical of a thermal cloud of trapped gas. In this work, we will investigate the relationship between the disturbance amplitude and the deviations caused in the thermal cloud, near the transition from the thermal gas system to the Bose-Einstein condensate. We should try to study the type of disturbance created, the Gaussian deviation, and the relaxation time. In addition, we intend to invade the condensation zone in the presence of disturbances in the sense of forming a condensate already with excitements from their origin. With this study, we intend to add an understanding of the quantum gas imbalance process near the transition point. The work will be theoretical and experimental in nature.(AU)