Molecular assessment of the interactions of the recreational physical exercise, weight at birth, pressure levels and the components of the renin-angiotensin-kallikrein-kinin system in children

Abstract

Clinical and experimental studies have consistently demonstrated that low birth weight may contribute to the late development of cardiovascular disease. Although the factors involved in this effect have not yet been fully elucidated, changes such as reduced vascular compliance, incomplete vasculogenesis characterized by microvascular rarefaction and alteration of the endothelial cell modulating capacity, characteristics observed due to low birth weight, can contribute directly to the development And / or maintenance of both arterial hypertension and cardiovascular diseases. Recent studies in our group have demonstrated that children with a history of low birth weight have hyperreactivity of the renin-angiotensin system (RAS), characterized by increased angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) activity, elevated plasma levels of angiotensin II and Higher frequency of the DD genotype. In addition, we observed the presence of hypomethylation in the promoter region of the ACE gene, suggesting that this epigenetic alteration may contribute, at least in part, to the increase in blood pressure and the hyperreactivity of the RAS. In view of the above, and considering the existence of interrelationships between kinins and RAS, we hypothesized that changes in the kinins-kallikreins system may be one of the mechanisms involved in the late development of diseases related to low birth weight. On the other hand, the beneficial effect of physical exercise on these two systems has been reported in several pathological conditions. However, to date, little is known about the beneficial effects of exercise on the deleterious effects of low birth weight. Therefore, in an attempt to elucidate this important issue, we hypothesized that recreational physical exercise is capable of reversing the deleterious actions of fetal programming, and that the renin-angiotensin-kallikrein-kinin system could be one of the links between fetal programming and the late development of cardiovascular diseases. Based on these considerations, the present project will evaluate the possible beneficial adaptations induced by 10 weeks of recreational exercise in children aged 6 to 12 years, on different anthropometric parameters, body composition, physical fitness, cardiometabolic markers and the present polymorphisms In the ACE gene and the bradykinin B2 receptor. (AU)