The bioavailability of resveratrol administered sublingually and its effect on the protein composition of the acquired enamel pellicle

Abstract

Resveratrol is a polyphenol naturally produced by 72 different plant species, particularly grapes, vegetables, peanuts, soybeans and pomegranate. It has been widely studied for its different beneficial health effects, as it has antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, immunomodulatory and neuroprotective properties, which causes its consumption to be associated with a reduction in cholesterol levels, a reduction in obesity, a reduction in cardiovascular risk and diabetes prevention, as well as having an anti-aging effect and having anticancer properties. Following oral administration, the amount of free resveratrol in plasma is less than 1% of the amount ingested. Thus, its administration has been studied by alternative routes that may increase its bioavailability, such as the transdermal route and the sublingual route, in this case using orodispersible tablets or films. The use of orodispersible tablets or films is particularly attractive because it can take advantage of the antibacterial and anti-inflammatory effects of resveratrol in the prophylaxis of oral diseases such as caries and periodontal disease, in addition to the systemic effects already widely described. Moreover, the administration of resveratrol by orodispersible compounds would decrease the cost of using this polyphenol, allowing, due to its greater bioavailability, the use of doses 15 to 65 times lower than those currently being used in oral nutraceuticals. Thus, the present study aims to: 1) evaluate in vivo the bioavailability of resveratrol when administered sublingually via orodispersible tablets; 2) evaluate in vivo the effect of resveratrol on the protein composition of the acquired enamel pellicle (PAE; upon which, at a later stage, oral biofilm bacteria, involved in the etiology of caries and periodontal disease, adhere). Ten volunteers, fasting for 12 hours, will participate in the study. A blood and unstimulated saliva sample will be collected from them and dental prophylaxis will be performed to remove the AEP. The volunteers will receive a sublingual orodispersible tablet containing 15 mg resveratrol. Blood samples and unstimulated saliva will then be collected after 15, 30, 60, 120 minutes and 4 hours of using the sublingual tablet as well as PAE after 120 minutes, from all dental surfaces. The following week, the volunteers will return for PAE sample collection, which will be collected after using a placebo orodispersible tablet (without resveratrol). Plasma and saliva samples will be analyzed for free resveratrol using HPLC and PAE samples will be subjected to quantitative label-free proteomic analysis (nLC-ESI-MS/MS). Data will be checked for normality and homogeneity to select the appropriate statistical test (p <0.05).