Sizing, economic analysis and dynamic-modular design of biorretentions from the perspective of climate change and land use

Abstract

Nowadays, in order to mitigate urban drainage problems in Brazilian cities, compensatory techniques (CTs) with structural, punctual and centralized measures in the macrodrainage scale are prioritized. On the one hand, these CTs, primarily, present high implementation costs, few operation and maintenance plans, and do not inhibit the continuous increase in the impacts of a growing and unplanned urbanization. On the other hand, recent approaches to decentralized (micro-drainage and batch-scale) CTs are adaptive alternatives, since they are implemented dynamically and time-modulated, such as Low Impact Development (LID) in the United States and Canada, of Sustainable Urban Drainage Systems (SUDS) in the United Kingdom and those of Water Sensitive Urban Design (WSUD) in Australia, among others. Of these decentralized CTs, bioretention incorporates multiple benefits of stormwater management. However, it is observed that there is still no single methodology for design and project of bioretention CTs, especially since the regulation of each country, including Brazil, does not highlight which objective scientific and technological elements are incorporated in this dynamic of temporal modules given the combined effects of changes: land use and potential climate change. Linked to the thematic project of INCT-Climatic Changes-2 (FAPESP 2014 / 50848-9) and in support of the Regular Project of bioretention (FAPESP 2017 / 21940-0), both current, this research approaches hypotheses, objectives and activities theoretical and practical for sizing, economic analysis and dynamic-modulating bioretention CT design from the perspective of climate change and land use and occupation. The methodology, first, scientifically and historically revises the generations of CTs to justify factors that most influence on the bioretention CTs. In addition, the Project proposes a new sizing model through hydraulic simulation of bioretentions, which is used both to simulate and calibrate the already constructed one, as well as to design new, more modern and efficient bioretention CT for the water safety of long term. Based on theoretical and experimental data, the research aims to develop a new manual for sizing, economic analysis and dynamic-modular design of bioretentions under the perspective of possible climate changes and the use and occupation of the soil, of future use in Building Codes and Urban Director Plans. (AU)