Scapular movement training x conventional exercises for individuals with shoulder pain: randomized controlled trial

Abstract

Interventions focused on the scapula have been frequently used to treat shoulder pain. However, most studies do not assess the contribution of scapular movement alteration for the symptoms. Objectives: To compare the effects of two interventions for shoulder pain: scapular movement training and conventional exercises. Methods: This is a blinded randomized controlled trial. Sixty-four subjects with shoulder pain, scapular dyskinesis and positive scapular assistance test will be randomized in two groups: 1) scapular movement training, and 2) conventional exercises. The group 1 will receive orientation about proper scapular position and movement, and will be trained to modify the scapular movement pattern. The group 2 will perform scapulothoracic stretching and strengthening exercises. Both groups will be treated twice a week for eight weeks. The following outcomes will be collected at baseline and follow-up: scapular kinematics, electromyographic muscle activity of the upper, middle and lower trapezius, and serratus anterior, as well as pain intensity, function, and fear avoidance beliefs. Also, pain intensity, function, and fear avoidance beliefs will be assessed at fourth week of follow-up after the end of treatment's period. The data distribution will be analyzed with Shapiro-Wilk Test. The between group differences will be calculated using linear mixed models by group versus time interaction terms. The Cohen's d will be calculated to analyze the between-group effect sizes for all outcomes. The significance level will be considered at 5%. (AU)