The effect of photobiomodulation therapy on osteoblast differentiation of mesenchymal stem cell derived from bone marrow of diabetic rats

Abstract

Reconstruction of bone defects in patients with Diabetes Mellitus (DM) remains a challenge once their bone healing is impaired. DM is a global health problem characterized by hyperglycemia that results in multiorgan complications. Among its complications, DM is known to cause several negative effects on the skeletal system including decreased bone density, increased risk of fractures and poor healing. The mechanisms by which diabetes affects bone health are not elucidated, but it is known that the long-term effects of oxidative stress caused by DM may affect the cellular activity and osteogenic potential of mesenchymal stem cells (MSC), suggesting that MSC obtained from individuals with DM may not represent an alternative a treatment for bone regeneration. Thus, strategies to recover their osteogenic potential my represent a promising alternative to treat the bone structure damage and optimize the bone repair in diabetic patients. Photobiomodulation therapy (PBM) is a non-invasive treatment that decreases oxidative stress and has been related to a decrease of the hyperglycemic state and an increase of the bone repair process. Based on the knowledge of the ability ofMSC and osteoblasts to repair bone tissue and the therapeutic effect of PBM in diabetic patients, we aim to evaluate the effect of PBM therapy on the osteogenic potential of MSC of diabetic rats. MSCs will be obtained from the bone marrow of diabetic and non-diabetic rats. After expansion, MSC will be treated with PBM and differentiated into OBs. The osteogenic potential will be assessed for up to 21 days to evaluate cell proliferation, alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity, production of mineralized extracellular matrix and gene expression of the bone markers. The data will be submitted to the test of adherence to the normal curve to determine the appropriate statistical test. The results of this study will clarify the potential effects of local and systemic FBM on the osteogenic potential of MSC and thereby understand the mechanisms that negatively affect bone tissue in DM. Our results may contribute to the development of therapeutic approaches to optimize aesthetic-functional reconstructions of bone defects in diabetic patients.