Morphological and ontogenetic adaptations of eggs and embryos of frogs without free-swimming larva: evolutionary implications for the developmental modes

Abstract

This project aims to describe and codify morphological and ontogenetic diversity associated to the modes of development of anurans without free-swimming larva. To this end, it is proposed to compile and generate comparative morphological data of the eggs and embryos of the largest possible number of species belonging to three monophyletic groups of Anura that have representatives without free-swimming larva: Brachycephaloidea, Hemiphractidae and Pipidae. The survey and sampling are designed so that homologies can be established properly and the structure analyzes can be performed accurately. To this aim the following techniques will be used: clear-and-stained, histology, microCT, episcopic microscopy, three-dimensional reconstruction of digital files, scanning electron microscopy, filming in vivo with stereo-microscopy, and natural history studies will also be carried out. The study of these character sets, poorly explored comparatively, could generate the recognition of new morphological attributes and extend our knowledge about specific points of Anura phylogeny, which usually lack morphological data. In addition, it may enhance our knowledge of the evolution of anuran development modes. Another important aspect of the proposal is the formation of a national and international network of collaborators, who develop works with comparative anatomy of anurans, providing a more productive link among these professionals and also impelling the elaboration of collaborative works beyond the period of accomplishment of this project. (AU)