Do edaphoclimatic conditions affect volatile and bioactive compounds in aromatic rice?

Abstract

The aromatic rice is a rice with special characteristics that presents attractive and differentiated aroma in relation to the common rice. Volatile compounds are responsible for the exhaled aromas. In the literature there are no reports of how edaphoclimatic conditions influence the formation of these compounds, nor of bioactive compounds (for example, p-coumaric acid, ferulic acid esters such as ³-oryzanol, and minerals). In this way, the present project has as objectives: 1) to optimize the extraction of volatile rice compounds by HS-SPME and analysis by GC-MS; 2) to identify and quantify the volatile compounds of aromatic rice IAC 500 and non-aromatic rice IAC 2157, planted at 6 different times of the year, verifying possible changes during the shelf life (0, 2, 4 and 6 months) and storage without peel (0, 2, 4, 6, 9 and 12 months); 3) identify the compounds that make up the overall aromatic rice aroma by the chromatographic/olfatometric technique; 4) to identify, quantify and compare the bioactive compounds (phenolic and mineral compounds) of aromatic rice IAC 500 and non-aromatic rice IAC 2157, planted at 3 different times of the year, and analyzed at 0, 3 and 6 months of storage; 5) establish relationship between the field variables and the production of volatile and bioactive compounds; 6) characterize the aromatic and non-aromatic rice as to the content of fatty acids, phytosterols, vitamin E and glycemic response. The results of this project are innovative because they will allow to know the best planting season to obtain an aromatic rice with volatile and bioactive compounds that differentiate it from the others, to verify if the storage time changes the composition of volatile and bioactive compounds, besides observing differences in the composition of aromatic and non-aromatic rice. (AU)