Evaluation of the bat paramyxoviruses in Brazil: molecular characterization, evolutionary analyses and risk assessment of distinct paramyxovirus lineages

Abstract

In the last decades some viruses has been concern among researchers and health professionals because they can emerge silently or aggressively. Generally the emerging infectious diseases are originated by the virus transmission from wildlife or domestic animals to humans (zoonosis). Generally emerging viruses are caused by new or unknown agents and they can be responsible by epidemics outbreaks. Every year million of people are infected by flu and historically Influenza virus are responsible by seasonal pandemics and epidemics outbreaks. The prevention and emerging infection control request the identification of the pathogens and the transmission process by the way that virus can cross species barrier. The livestock intense has been identified as one important factor to the emergence of wildlife and domestic animals pathogens in human population. Carnivora and Chiroptera orders are recognized as wild reservoirs for rabies virus and have been described as source of multiple pathogenic viruses as lyssavirus, coronavirus, filovirus, henipavirus and paramyxovirus to domestic animals and humans. Two new influenza viruses, H17N10 and H18N11, were recently described and isolated in American bats. Despite the divergence from other known Influenza A viruses, these data shown that despite the viral divergence the Influenza A virus, the flu bat viruses has match with genetic material changes in human cells with human Influenza virus, suggesting a potential capability for reassortment and contributions to new Influenza pandemic or panzootic. The early prevention, detection, characterization and the understands of the genetic variability of bat flu is a urgent need to better analysis of the risk of reassortment with flu from other animal hosts being essential to protect public health. (AU)