Online carbon footprint Allocation- a joint Price- and carbon Footprint: responsive demands model to reduce the GHG emissions and manage the electricity demand

Abstract

This research project is conducted as a part of the Postdoctoral Research, funded by (Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo) FAPESP, No. 2014/22828-3, at the Department of Integrated Systems Engineering, the Ohio State University, USA. Until now, almost all of the works in the area of carbon emission reduction have been focused on the generation side. Although reducing emission in the generation side may indirectly reduce the carbon footprints in the demand side, lack of smart control on consumers' carbon footprint is a great shortcoming in demand side. In this project, in order to address this existing gap, a demand side management-based model is investigated. The main idea of this project is to propose a model that works based on a smart communication with consumers. After a joint online carbon footprint and price allocation procedure, the consumers know not only the price of energy that they use but also the amount of induced carbon by their activity in a given time frame. To make a proper communication, a joint price- and carbon footprint-responsive demand model, which plays an important role, is investigated. It is assumed that demand responsiveness is enabled by real-time allocations. The demand side management via this novel standpoint may result in avoiding surcharge in electricity bills and reducing both carbon emissions and electric power demands. In order to have a more applicable model, an environmentally constrained active-reactive optimal power flow (ECAROPF) considering disjoint constraints (such as prohibited operating zone) is taken into consideration. In this regard, implementing the ECAROPF via The General Algebraic Modeling System (GAMS) is investigated where its solvability by commercial solvers makes it an even more applicable tool. To verify the aforementioned models and considerations several IEEE test systems are conducted and the results are considered in detail. (AU)