Impact of two dietary models on metabolic, inflammatory and genetic parameters in individuals of different physical fitness conditions

Abstract

Chronic diseases are directly associated with inadequate habits, especially sedentary behavior and poor eating habits, it being well documented in the literature that diets rich in saturated fatty acids are triggers for the development of diseases, and consequently, installation of inflammatory processes and metabolic stress. In this context, the inflammatory condition may be characterized as an imbalance between pro-inflammatory biomarkers, such as TNF-±, CRP, IL-6, and anti-inflammatory markers, such IL-10 and adiponectin. Besides the inflammatory process, there are metabolic stresses mediated by lipid profile alterations, favoring the installation of oxidative stress and metabolic diseases, termed "diseasome" of physical inactivity, recognizing that this dysfunction may be a predictive factor and have a strong association with cardiovascular diseases. However, exercise training and a balanced diet are the keys to treating and preventing several risk factors and diseases in virtue of the anti-inflammatory and anti-atherogenic effects. Regular chronic exercise is able to change the lipid profile, by decreasing LDL-c and triacylglycerol concentrations associated with an increase in HDL-c, reducing the probability of cardiovascular diseases. In addition, exercise is a powerful vasodilatory mediator; however, the dietary influence on metabolic, inflammatory and genetic parameters in individuals with distinct physical fitness levels is unclear. In this context, the purpose of the present study is to analyze oxidative stress and inflammatory parameters, mediated by possible polymorphisms arising through dietary behavior, in individuals with different fitness levels. (AU)