Nanofibers produced by electrospinning and rotary jet-spinning with incorporated hydroxyapatite and carbon nanotubes to verify its potential in bone regeneration

Abstract

Bioresorbable polymers with incorporated ceramic nanoparticles can be using as biomaterials due to its physicochemical characteristics, versatility, bioactivity and superior mechanical properties. For these special characteristics, have been attract significant attention for tissue engineering. Recently, various techniques are using to extrude bioresorbable polymers to make nano / micro fibers in the form of webs seeking biomimic with the extracellular matrix. Recently, two techniques are used to produce this, follows: electrospinning and more recently rotary jet- spinning. Nanoceramic, such as: hidroxyapatite (nHAp) and carbon nanotubes (CNT) presented bioactivity and mechanical properties, besides the simple to incorporation of chemical groups. These special properties will be promoting better in vivo tissue regeneration. Recently, the Laboratory of Biomedical Nanotechnology patented a new composite based on nHAp and CNT that can be applied as a biomaterial to bone tissue regeneration. Therefore, this project presents a new technology for the fabrication of bioresorbable polymeric scaffolds containing incorporated nanoparticles. For these, we will use electrospinning and rotary jet- spinning techniques to produce a homogeneous incorporation of nHAp / CNT nanoparticles into the polymeric matrix. Also, we will evaluate the in vitro and in vivo biocompatibility of them. It is necessary for future biomedical applications of these new nanobiomaterials. This project will evaluate the best technique for producing nano / micro-fiber webs with incorporated nHAp / CNT nanoparticles resulting in a better in vitro and in vivo biological response. In addition we evaluate the in vitro and in vivo biocompatibility; and a possible signaling for stem cells migration from bone marrow. Also, we will corroborate the association between nanobiomaterials and in vivo cell therapy to promote acceleration and regenerative process using mesenchymal stem cells. Scanning and transmission electron microscopies will analyze the morphology and structure of the nano / micro-fibers. For the biological characterizations will be using in vitro assays, such as: (I) culture human cells and mouse osteoblastic cells for analysis of osteogenesis, cell migration and cytokine release analysis, both involved in tissue repair, (II) culture of mesenchymal stem cells on the surfaces material of the implant to verified if occurs an improvement in regenerative process. For in vivo analyses will be perform two different methodologies: (I) implants of nanofibers embedded with nHAp / CNT, (II) migration test and recruitment of stem cells in vivo, (III) implants nanofibers cultured mesenchymal stem cells. This project sought a correlation between biological responses and polymer extrusion technique to accelerate the process of bone regeneration in vivo. (AU)