Aerobic and resistance exercise training associated with cholinergic stimulation by pyridostigmine bromide previously to myocardial infarction in rats: role on cardiac and autonomic function, and in inflammatory profile

Abstract

Impairment of autonomic nervous system has been associated with an increased inflammatory status and, together with ventricular dysfunction, leads to high rates of mortality in patients after myocardial infarction (MI). Cardiovascular, immune and autonomic benefits of aerobic exercise training (ET) and, more recently, resistance training, have led many researchers to suggest the ET as an important non-pharmacological tool in the MI treatment and prevention. On the other hand, the administration of pyridostigmine bromide (PYR), a cholinergic agonist, has demonstrated positive effects on autonomic function in healthy subjects, coronary patients (in response to exercise), as well as in infarcted animals. In this sense, the questions that arise are: the association of aerobic ET and PYR may trigger additional positive effects on autonomic function and, consequently, in the inflammatory response to MI? The resistance ET, performed alone before the IM, is a practice that induces a cardioprotective phenotype? The association of resistance ET and PYR can trigger additional positive effects on autonomic function and, consequently, in the inflammatory response to MI? Thus, the aim of this study is to evaluate the ventricular, hemodynamic, autonomic, and inflammatory responses of myocardial ischemia in rats previously submitted to aerobic or resistance ET, associated with pyridostigmine bromide treatment. The animals should be subjected to 60 days of aerobic or resistance ET and, at the end of the protocol, myocardial ischemia will be induced by coronary artery ligation. After MI, ventricular function, autonomic and inflammatory profile evaluations will be performed. Results will be presented as mean ± standard error of the mean and ANOVA statistical analyses tests will be properly applied. P<0.05 will be considered significant. The present study may have a significant clinical impact, clarifying mechanisms for preventing and/or mitigating the adverse effects of an ischemic event. (AU)