Effects of overtraining induced by exercise in treadmill without inclination, uphill and downhill on the content and activation of proteins of insulin signaling pathway and inflamation in mice

Abstract

The large training volume, intensity and eccentric component of a movement associated with limited rest periods lead to nonfunctional overreaching (NFOR) that is associated with inflammation and insulin signaling impairment. However, to date, it is not possible to state that NFOR induced without eccentric exercise (EE) predominance is associated with the previously mentioned disorders. Thus, the main aim of the present investigation is to compare the effects of NFOR induced by EE with other two protocols with similar intensity and volume, but performed in uphill and without inclination on the cytokine serum levels and on the proteins from the inflammatory and insulinic molecular pathways. The animals will be divided into 4 groups: control (C; sedentary), Overtraining in downhill (OT1; submitted to the OT protocol with downhill running), Overtraining in uphill (OT2; submitted to the OT protocol with uphill running) and Overtraining without inclination (OT3; submitted to the OT protocol performed in without inclination running). The mice will be evaluated daily for the variation in body weight and food intake. At the end of the protocols OT1, OT2 and OT3, the animals will be tested for intraperitoneal insulin tolerance. The content of the proteins previously described will be evaluated in the extensor digitorum longus and soleus muscles by the immunoblotting technique. For comparison between groups will be used variance analysis followed by test for multiple comparisons of means. A significance level of 5% will be used. The results of this study will help us understand the mechanisms involved in the etiology and development of NFOR.