Community of Extremophile Microrganism in Deep-sea Habitats of South Atlantic Ocean

Abstract

The extremophile microorganisms are adapted to live and develop in extremes of one or more physical parameters (radiation, temperature and pressure) and geochemical (pH, moisture and salinity) of a given environment. Whereas marine ecosystems, most of them are at depths beyond 1000 meters, so is considered deep sea environments as the most common of Earth. The major ecosystems found in the deep sea are the ocean floor (subseafloor and sediments), hydrothermal vents and cold-seeps, different types of microorganisms inhabiting these environments, they are in their great majority extremophiles. The objective of this study is to evaluate the diversity of extremophile microorganisms present in deep-sea habitats of the South Atlantic Ocean. To evaluate the communities of microorganisms are used independent methods based on cultivation of the 16S rRNA gene, such as denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE), DNA amplification and pyrosequencing, furthermore will be performed on total cell count samples by microscopy. The data will be correlated to the environmental parameters of the samples to determine which variables are relevant to the community structure. Such analyzes will be supported by different methods of bioinformatics and statistics. The expected results of this study will compose the first microbiological studies in the region, which should be intensified for the advancement of research in extremophile microorganisms present in deep-sea environments.