Management impacts of a no tillage system on attributes of soil and growth and yield of upland rice and beans "the winter" sprinkler irrigation

Abstract

The compaction of the surface layer of no tillage system (SPD) is a serious problem for soil quality, because it changes the flow of water and air in the soil and reduces crop yields. Among the alternatives to alleviate this problem include the use of cover crops with root (taproot and aggressive) and mechanical decompression. The project will be developed during the years 2012/13 2013/14 and 2014 in the experimental area of Teaching and Research Farm belonging to the Faculty of Engineering of Single Island - UNESP, located in Selvíria - MS. The soil is an Oxisol of the Cerrado, clayey. The average annual rainfall is 1370mm, the average annual temperature is 23.5 º C and relative humidity annual average between 60 and 80%. The work will evaluate the effect of mechanical decompression, development and productivity of plant cover (fallow, Cajanus cajan, Crotalaria juncea, Brachiaria ruziziensis and Pennisetum americanum) in SPD, and also on growth and yield of upland rice and beans "the winter" in addition to the changes in chemical and physical properties of soil after each crop of annual crops. The experimental design is a randomized complete block arranged in a 5x2 factorial scheme for rice and beans, with four replications. It is hoped that the results found in this study may contribute to the improvement of cultural practices used in the cultures of upland rice and beans "the winter" and provide positive changes in physical and chemical properties of soil in irrigated by sprinkler in SPD.