Comparative assessment of the analgesic effect of ketoprofen alone and its association with tramadol in dogs undergoing cataract surgery

Abstract

Ketoprofen is a drug belonging to the group of NSAIDs (NSAID) that in addition to its anti-inflammatory properties, has a high analgesic potency and is indicated for pain in patients with mild to moderate degrees. Its degree of analgesia may be increased when in association with opioid drugs. Tramadol, in turn, is an atypical opioid analgesic with central action indicated for the management of mild to moderate pain. Its therapeutic use has been shown to be free of side effects such as dependency, constipation, respiratory depression, or impaired cardiovascular function, which has motivated several studies about its use in prophylactic analgesia, which have shown satisfactory results. Therefore, this study aims to compare, by means of objective methods and subjective pain assessment, the ability to preventive analgesia of ketoprofen alone or combined with tramadol, in order to analyze its effectiveness in suppressing postoperative pain in dogs undergoing the surgical procedure of cataract surgery. To do so, twenty dogs will be assessed and randomly divided into two equal groups, with the first group receiving the MPA ketoprofen (2 mg/kg, IM), and the second group receiving ketoprofen (2 mg/kg, IM) in association with tramadol ( 2 mg/kg, IM). Both groups receive acepromazine (0.05 mg/kg, IM). 15 minutes after the MPA, the fluid will start with Ringer's lactate and induction will be done with propofol. The maintenance of anesthesia will be made with the 1.4 V% isoflurane (1 MAC) and a neuromuscular blocking agent (0.6 mg/kg of rocuronium intravenously) will be used to center the eye. Dogs will receive immediately before the surgery a bolus of remifentanil (2¼g/kg, IV). Local anesthesia will be done with dexamethasone (3 units) in the upper eyelid of the eye where the surgery will be performed. Anesthetic monitoring will be done through the measurement of physiological parameters (heart and respiratory rate, noninvasive systolic blood pressure, and body temperature) and pain assessment will begin immediately after extubation of the animal, at baseline and six hours after the surgical procedure.(AU)