BRACHIARIA CONSORTIUM WITH AUTUMNAL CORN UNDER NO TILL SYSTEM AS PREVIOUS CULTURE OF SUMMER SOY

Abstract

The work has as objective evaluates, in the system of agriculture-pasture integration, the best time and modality of sowing of two Brachiaria species in consortium with the Autumnal corn, with emphasis for the productivity of the corn, straw formation for the implantation of the culture of the soy in the summer, evaluation of the physical and chemical variations of the soil, the effects of the straw in that culture, as well as the operational acting in the seeding operation. The experiment will be realized in the agricultural years of 2010/11 and 2011/12, in experimental area of the Laboratory of Machines and Agricultural Mechanization of UNESP / Jaboticabal, in the State of São Paulo, located in the geodesic coordinates: latitude 21º14 S and longitude 48º16 W, with medium altitude of 560 meters, medium steepness of 4% and climate Cwa (subtropical), in agreement with the classification of Köeppen. The soil of the experimental area is classified like RED LATOSSOL typical Eutroférrico, according to the Brazilian System of Classification of Soils (Embrapa 1999). For the consortium of the corn with Brachiária, the experimental design will be of split plot with nine treatments in factorial scheme 2x4+1 with four repetitions. The treatments will be constituted by two Brachiária species (Brachiaria brizantha and Brachiaria ruzizienses) and four modalities of consortium of the Brachiárias with the corn: MBL - Corn with Brachiaria in the sowing line, and the Brachiaria will be mixed with the fertilizer and deposited to 10cm of depth below and beside the corn seed; MBE - Corn with Brachiaria seeded between corn rows, sowed in the same day of the sowing of the corn, with the presence of a line of intermediate sowing; MBC - Corn with Brachiaria seeded between corn rows sowed with the fertilizer of covering of the corn, when the corn plants present four true leaves; MBLA - Corn with Brachiaria tossed at the same time of covering fertilizer; WITNESS - (Single Corn). In the culture of the corn the following evaluations will be accomplished: initial and final population, number of corn-cobs, mass of 1000 grains, production of grains and production of dry mass of the straw. In the brachiarias it will be measured the production of dry mass and the percent of covering of the soil to 30 days after the crop of the corn and in the culture of the soy the plant height and insert of the first green bean, number of green beans / plant, mass dries of the straw and production of grains. In the summer harvest, the culture of the soy will be implanted on the straw of the previous treatments (corn associated with brachiaria). The data will be appraised in the experimental design of split plot with nine treatments in factorial scheme 2x4+1 with four repetitions.Key Words: safrinha corn (fall cropping), winter culture, culture rotation, seeding machine for direct planting, straw production, agriculture-pasture integration.