Abstract
The use of satellite positioning systems (GNSS) for aerial navigation constitutes a worldwide tendency in present days and, in the future, it will be the main technology adopted for determination of airplanes positioning in all flight phases. The application of this kind of technology has numerous benefits such as considerably reduced need of ground equipment installation, optimization of aerial space with routes, and reduction in flight duration and its consequent fuel saving, to mention a few. In this context, it can be highlighted the GBAS (Ground-Based Augmentation System), which uses GNSS systems, especially the American Global Positioning System (GPS), transmitting the corrections to improve the accuracy in determining the aircraft's position aiming at guiding it for a precise landing. However, GPS signals, as well as those ones of any other satellite positioning system, suffer influences from ionospheric layer strongly, with introduction of errors that might affect accuracy, integrity, and availability and continuity requirements postulated by International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO). The ionospheric layer presents distinct behaviors according to location (mainly with latitude variation), hour of the day, period of the year and solar activity cycle, which period is of eleven years. The ionosphere over Brazilian territory, especially on those regions of equatorial ionization anomaly occurrence, presents singular features in comparison with other parts of the planet, due to concentration of phenomena and anomalies occurring there, making satellite positioning systems performance worse when compared to regions such as United States and Europe, for instance. (AU)
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