Research Grants 17/03366-7 - Direito, Moral - BV FAPESP
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Autonomy and public use of reason: the link between morality, politics and right in Kant

Abstract

In contrast to the approaches defending Kantian morality as based on the conception of an individual and isolated reason that gives law to itself, this proposal intends to show that Kant conceives morality as grounded on a rational practical capacity that needs to be developed in society, under historical and empirical circumstances. For reaching this purpose, the project aims to investigate to which extent the principle of autonomy of the will is linked to Kant's views - expressed in his political writings - on the rational capacity to make public use of reason, that is, to share reasons and thoughts freely and publically. The research will be divided in three parts. The first step consists in examining the genesis of this principle in the Lectures on moral philosophy and the Lectures on Natural Law Feyerabend, with the aim to show how in elaborating his conception of autonomy of the will, Kant is concerned with the question of normativity not only in moral domain, but also in political and juridical domain. The second step will be dedicated to analyzing the political-juridical vocabulary employed in the Groundwork of Metaphysics of Morals when Kant introduces the principle of autonomy as self-legislation of the will. We intend to investigate whether these analogies are constitutive to the elaboration of a normative principle common to morality, law and politics. Finally, we will examine how, in his conception of Enlightenment as a historical process, Kant defends the establishment of political-juridical institutions as a fundamental stage towards the achievement of morality, since it contributes to the formation of the rational capacity to judge norms based on the representation of universally valid principles. (AU)

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