Characterization of osteogenic profile in bone defects with grafting submitted to therapy with low intensity electric current and magnetic electrostimulation

Abstract

The bone has a high capacity for repair and regeneration. Large bone defects represent a significant health problem and one of the greatest clinical challenges in reconstructive bone surgery that utilize a number of procedures, which most often are expensive and do not meet expectations of the patient. One of the purposes of the research involving bone repair is to reduce the failure, and different therapeutic resources have been used in clinical practice to improve the quality of bone consolidation. The development of new materials osteoinductive and osteoconductive biocompatible and the search by the more effective endogenous stimulation in bone repair are the strategies most used in the studies. Biomaterials used as bone substitutes and combined with other techniques bio-inducers can provide promising results in the bone repair process. Bovine bone presents similar properties to human bone tissue and has been widely used in procedures that use bone grafting. Different processing routes alter their characteristics in the interaction with living bone tissue and osseointegration. Bioactive glasses are excellent biocompatible osteoconductors, with angiogenic properties and are presented as another material of choice due to their greater availability. The bone also responds favorably to the application of electrical currents, because it acts on pathways that involve proliferation and differentiation of the osteogenic cells besides being an antimicrobial agent. In turn the magnetic electrostimulation has shown beneficial effects on osteogenesis. In this study we pretend to compare the effects of the application of low-intensity electric current and magnetic electrostimulation in the repair of bone defects that require grafting since they are non-invasive techniques and can be used in ambulatory procedures. The research in bone defects is promising since these, when induced in animal models, have shown excellent results with good prospects for future clinical application in humans. (AU)