Jussara (Euterpe edulis Mart.) supplementation during pregnancy and lactation modulates UCP-1 and inflammation biomarkers induced by trans-Fatty acids in the brown adipose tissue of offspring

Abstract

The brown adipose tissue (BAT) regulates energy expenditure via thermogenesis by uncoupling protein 1 (UPC-1). We investigated the effect of the maternal diet enriched with trans-fatty acids (TFAs) in combination or not with jussara fruit supplementation on the 21 day old offspring. Specifically, we looked at the proinflammatory state and the expression of UCP-1 in the offsprings' BAT. For this we divided dams into four groups during pregnancy and lactation: control diet (C), C diet supplemented with 0.5% of jussara fruit rich in anthocyanins and monounsaturated fatty acids (CJ), a diet enriched with hydrogenated vegetable oil (T), rich in TFAs, or T diet supplemented with 0.5% of jussara fruit (TJ). We found that TFAs reduced growth and increased weight, total cholesterol, TNF-± and TNFRI in BAT of pups. Conversely, maternal supplementation with jussara preserved lean mass, decreased weight gain, carcass lipid, blood glucose and triacylglycerol in the offsprings, it also increased IL-10 levels in the BAT. Surprisingly, jussara supplementation in the TFAs group increased UCP-1 expression in the BAT. In conclusion, While TFAs was detrimental for the offsprings' health, jussara fruit improved body composition, and the metabolic and inflammatory parameters. Furthermore, the combination of both treatments (TFAs and jussara supplementation) seen in the TJ group raised UCP-1 expression. We believe that the bioactive compounds of jussara contributed to these effects. Our results showed that maintaining the caloric amount in the maternal diet but modifying its lipid composition with a low fat quality as well as adding a natural fruit could epigenetically program the BAT of 21- day- old offspring. (AU)