ANTIOXIDANT AND RENOPROTECTIVE EFFECTS OF ALLOPURINOL ON RHABDOMYOLYSIS SECONDARY TO GLYCEROL, STATINS, BOTHROPS VENOM AND LEPTOSPIROSIS

Abstract

Rhabdomyolysis syndrome is a disorder known for centuries. However, the causal association between rhabdomyolysis and acute kidney injury (AKI) was first described only during the World War II. The myoglobinuric AKI may be considered the most severe complication of rhabdomyolysis, occurring in 10-50 % of the cases. Using animal models, it has been proposed the following mechanisms to explain the association between AKI and rhabdomyolysis: renal vasoconstriction; tubular obstruction by pigmentary; direct toxicity of heme protein by oxidative stress; inflammation; and apoptosis of renal tubular cells. Allopurinol (ALO), an uric acid lowering agent, is a xanthine oxidase (XO) inhibitor commonly used to treat gout. Due to its potential antioxidant effect, either by blocking the production of uric acid and/or by direct inhibition of XO, thus reducing the generation of oxygen free radicals, it has a large potential use in the prevention and treatment of various pathological conditions. The aim of this study is to investigate the effects of ALO, administered prophylactic and therapeutic, on the renal function and the redox cycling in four experimental models of rhabdomyolysis (intramuscular infusion of glycerol, statins, Bothrops jararaca envenomation and leptospirosis). (AU)