Evaluation of chronic sodium overload and N-acetylcysteine or mesenchymal stem cells treatment in rats submitted to renal ischemia and reperfusion

Abstract

The acute kidney injury (AKI) can be defined as a sudden loss of renal function. AKI was considered as completely reversible, however recent studies have shown that the structure and renal function do not recover totally, and it is can contribute to chronic renal diseases development. It has been shown that overload of dietary sodium administered after renal ischemia and reperfusion (I/R) in animal models can cause hypertension and increased albuminuria. Taking together these effects and oxidative stress, inflammation and renal fibrosis could be factors account to the development of disease secondary to AKI. From this information, in order to understand the mechanism of the chronic kidney disease development, we propose to evaluate I/R during chronic consumption of salt and the role of renin angiotensin and aldosterone system (RAAS. Furthermore, we propose two distinct therapeutic treatments: N-acetylcysteine (NAC) administration or the mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) application after I/R in order to prevent, minimize or block the advance of secondary complications caused by I/R and submitted on sodium overload. NAC is a powerful antioxidant and is widely used due its lower cost and its fewer side effects. Due infiltrated of cells and vascular lesions present in AKI, the MSC can act as its paracrine anti-inflammation properties, immune modulation, pro-angiogenic, and also it's accelerate capacity in repair kidney cells by releasing growth factors and cytokines. Therefore, the aim of this study is to evaluate the effects of long term high salt intake on I/R renal in animal model and the therapeutic effects of NAC or MSC treatments. (AU)