Exposure to pollution from vehicular and exercise effects on protein CC16, coagulation and renal function in young adults

Abstract

Numerous studies show the effect of air pollution on human health. The WHO estimates that about 1.15 million deaths per year the number worldwide effects associated with exposure to ambient air pollution or external. The inhaled pollutants can produce inflammatory changes and pulmonary and systemic oxidative stress responsible for the observed effects, both acute and chronic.Studies have shown that pollution is associated with cardiovascular changes, such as contraction of the pulmonary artery and brachial after acute exposure, changes in blood pressure and heart rate variability and respiratory changes leading to inflammation and bronchial hyperresponsiveness.However are still poorly understood mechanisms involved in the observed effects. Besides not yet clear, also are fewer studies evaluating the effects of pollution in other organs, eg, kidney. Although there are clinical and experimental evidence that smoking causes renal functional and structural changes, the effect of pollution on the kidney is not known.Individuals when performing exercise in a polluted environment, inhale greater amounts of pollutants that can cause acute effects on pulmonary function in healthy individuals and those with chronic respiratory illnesses. On the other hand exercise, depending on the intensity, can also lead to muscle and electrolyte changes that may alter renal function or structure. Several biological mechanisms have been proposed for the effect of short-term exposure to polluted air in cardiovascular events. One mechanism involves airway inflammation and oxidative stress, resulting in systemic inflammation as indicated by changes in antioxidant defense system, increases in cytokine levels, markers of oxidative stress, neutrophils and other white blood cells.Do the exercises in polluted environments exerts some influence pathological kidney function?Moreover, there is evidence that exposure to air pollution increases the secretion of proteins by the cells CC16 Light (non-ciliated cells present on bronchiolar epithelium). Beside the increased secretion of CC16 appears to be a breach of the integrity of the epithelial barrier facilitating their passage into the systemic circulation, and increasing their blood levels, and excretion in urine. If this mechanism of change of alveolar epithelial barrier integrity was also associated with translocation of particles into the systemic circulation, it is still a fact that needs to be clarified. (AU)