Effects of aerobic,resistance or combined exercise training in experimental models of cardiometabolic disorders associated with ovarian hormone deprivation

Abstract

After the menopause there is an increased incidence of hypertension, insulin resistance, type 2 diabetes and morbidity and mortality. On the other hand, the aerobic exercise has been recommended as an important therapy for the prevention and treatment of cardiometabolic disorders, consedering the recognized benefits of this approach in different populations. More recently, resistance exercise training has been recommended in guidelines for cardiovascular and metabolic diseases, however, little is known about the physiological benefits of this approach. Moreover, there are few studies investigating the mechanisms involved in the potential benefits of dynamic aerobic, resistance or combined (aerobic + resistance) exercise training after ovarian hormone deprivation, especially in the presence of cardiometabolic disorders. Thus, the purpose of this study is to evaluate and compare the effects of dynamic aerobic, resistance or combined exercise training in normotensive diabetic ovariectomized rats and in hypertensive ovariectomized rats submitted to a high fructose diet. Four subprojects (SP) will be conducted to investigate parameters of cardiovascular function (blood pressure, blood pressure, and heart rate, HR), cardiovascular autonomic control (HR and BP variability and baroreflex sensitivity), metabolic (body and adipose tissue weight, blood glucose and triglycerides, insulin tolerance) and physical capacity (maximal test and treadmill running test maximum load on ladder), and its relationship to changes in oxidative stress parameters (lipid peroxidation by chemiluninescence, redox balance by oxidized glutathione / reduced glutathione, carbonylated proteins, superoxide anion and hydrogen peroxide, catalase, glutathione peroxidase, superoxide dismutase, total antioxidant capacity), nitric oxide metabolism (plasma nitrite and nitrate concentration) and inflammation (leptin, adiponectin, TNF alpha, IL-6 and IL-10). Female Wistar rats will be evaluated in SP1: euglycemic (CS), streptozotocin (STZ) diabetic (DS), euglycemic ovariectomized (OS) and diabetic ovariectomized (ODS). In the SP2, female diabetic ovariectomized rats will be divided into: sedentary (ODS) or subjected to physical training on a treadmill (ODA), on ladder (ODR) or subjected to physical training combined ladder and treadmill every other day (ODC). The SP3 will evaluated Wistar controls (CS), and spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) divided into:sedentary (HS), sedentary ovariecomized (OHS) and sedentary ovariecomized (OHS) submitted to fructose overload (OHFS). In SP4, female SHR ovariectomized rats treated chronically with fructose will be divided into: sedentary (OHFS) or subjected to aerobic (OHFA), resistance (OHFR) or combined (OHFC) exercise training. The results of this study can contribute to a better understanding of the mechanisms involved in the association of risk factors in women, as well as to the knowledge regarding the effects of aerobic, resistance or combined exercise training in animal models involving ovarian hormones deprivation and glycemic control dysfunctions in presence of normotension (STZ diabetes) or hypertension (SHR treated with fructose). (AU)