The influence of the immune response on the mammary carcinomas in female dogs

Abstract

Inflammation is a critical component of tumor progression. The characteristics of these malignancies may be related to the inflammatory response present in the tumor. T lymphocytes secrete cytokines that direct the immune response to Th1 and Th2 cells, which are responsible for balancing the body's immune. The most efficient response against tumors would be cellular or cytotoxic (CD8 T lymphocytes and natural killer cells - NK). In the human literature highlights the ability of malignant tumors to modulate the body's immune system and lead to the development of an inefficient immune response, favoring its growth and spread to other sites. Many of the factors contributing to this are the growth factors, enzymes and cytokines secreted by inflammatory cells or tumor stroma in the tumor microenvironment. An environment created by Th2 cytokines secreted by tumor associated macrophages or by regulatory T lymphocytes are other factors described in this process of tumor immune evasion. In bitches are very few publications that focus the immune response and its relationship with tumor aggressiveness. Therefore, this study aims to determine the profile of the immune response of canine mammary carcinomas, considering the degree of malignancy of the tumor. Will be used mammaryt tumor samples from 30 female dogs, referred to the Department of Veterinary Pathology of UNESP-FCAV for histological diagnosis. The determination of the immune response will be made by immunohistochemistry, considering the inflammatory cells (macrophages, CD4 and CD8 lymphocytes, B lymphocytes and Treg), dendritic cells, the profile of cytokines (MIF, IL-10, IL 4, TGF-² ), transcription factors (T-bet, GATA-3), hormone receptors (estrogengand IFN- and progesterone) and immunodetection of HER2/neu. Likewise , through the will be the quantification of IL-10, IL-4, TGF-² and IFN- technique of RT-PCR (qPCR). The results of immunostaining and expression of cytokines are related to classification and histological grade of malignant and benign mammary tumors in bitches. (AU)